In terms of structure, which is a primary component that should be electrically isolated to ensure the operation of cathodic protection systems?

The tank surface is a primary component that should be electrically isolated to ensure the effective operation of cathodic protection systems. This is because cathodic protection relies on the principle of reducing the electrochemical corrosion potential through the application of an external electrical current. If the tank surface is not isolated, it may create unwanted paths for electrical current, thereby lowering the efficiency of the cathodic protection system.

In a properly functioning cathodic protection system, the tank must have a significant difference in electrical potential compared to surrounding structures and materials. When the tank surface is electrically isolated, it prevents current from leakage and allows the protective current to more effectively mitigate corrosion on the tank. Ensuring this isolation is key to maintaining the integrity of the tank and prolonging its lifespan, as well as adhering to safety regulations.

Other components like the concrete base, support pillars, and exterior finishes serve different structural and functional roles in the context of the installation of underground storage tanks but are not as critical as the tank surface in the realm of cathodic protection.